tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5498476382982314442024-03-05T04:13:59.417-08:00CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 11-cRowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01180325887469064502noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-549847638298231444.post-66107633989806256892011-07-07T06:01:00.000-07:002011-07-07T06:01:12.756-07:00Animal and Plant Toxins<div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHyDrEH2qErelJ6MmT6pyU5SEX7W_JaK1anBu-ogcidJH_Es-dat_22lBVLQsN4LsDeMNc-HU8yn-Pgk3nLf4q_8gYP5bbJVuWVo7itR8WiSdtQ2z6gcaHws1n5RLyTn-NpbzPJ7pFjQ/s1600/caveman.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisHyDrEH2qErelJ6MmT6pyU5SEX7W_JaK1anBu-ogcidJH_Es-dat_22lBVLQsN4LsDeMNc-HU8yn-Pgk3nLf4q_8gYP5bbJVuWVo7itR8WiSdtQ2z6gcaHws1n5RLyTn-NpbzPJ7pFjQ/s200/caveman.gif" width="164" /></a>Toxins have been used since the early years by humans for hunting, fishing and warfare like the cave dwellers. Based on some educational shows, up to the present time some tribes in some countries still practice this.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLdeswGZUHwxC0L-qfTXwkwLAAsM0f51Bh0qkPv6NeYwSag-scBKgie9I-mcS3UF53HMOl6dy8CAHnqe-t8vXdPK7xzTmV87CU2xeTYZrmdekRyZeCVsu8ambMCq8gQF9yVyOFQwF0prg/s1600/paracelsus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLdeswGZUHwxC0L-qfTXwkwLAAsM0f51Bh0qkPv6NeYwSag-scBKgie9I-mcS3UF53HMOl6dy8CAHnqe-t8vXdPK7xzTmV87CU2xeTYZrmdekRyZeCVsu8ambMCq8gQF9yVyOFQwF0prg/s320/paracelsus.jpg" width="258" /></a></div>Toxins can cause skin allergies, hallucinations, dizziness, paralysis and death or any bad reaction in the body but according to<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> <b>Paracelsus</b></span>, the "<b>father of toxicology</b>", toxin may have no effect or can also cause positive reaction when a small right amount of dosage is introduced (hormesis).<br />
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This phenomenon is called "Dosage-Response Relationship". That is why he quoted the words "<b>All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy.</b>" He also documented chemicals that were actually responsible for the toxicity of a plant or an animal and even the body’s response to the toxin.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: Carlisle;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f6b26b; color: #cc0000;">Animal toxin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e69138;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnVULrWwNWPmog8839LzzmHPGAMr2CpfhSwd_1g0wpUlD-blWBM3FBBd_nACaE_p-N_RlwC4Y06iBu51H2wiyQbFPs4dzT1gExg4NXdJkdFpzwGEs0oSgfjJdQW-reroPCSssnmFAd7-w/s1600/rattlesnake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnVULrWwNWPmog8839LzzmHPGAMr2CpfhSwd_1g0wpUlD-blWBM3FBBd_nACaE_p-N_RlwC4Y06iBu51H2wiyQbFPs4dzT1gExg4NXdJkdFpzwGEs0oSgfjJdQW-reroPCSssnmFAd7-w/s1600/rattlesnake.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">North American Diamond back Rattlesnake</td></tr>
</tbody></table><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Crotolase</span></b>- is an enzyme from snake venom that can be extracted from a North American Rattle snake, which causes severe bleeding. When Crotolase is introduced in the body of an animal, it splice off only fibrin peptide A which results into a monomer that is unable to polymerize.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Gi7mlRioMZ8-WWDIsZeboYYnDrqZ2ey7z_1JaNFvIvPVUEpx5uV_R3AFtWtUS3CxhrNxVtI8bVR8g68ixy0Uj2RL9KzbR3hr60OY9x7M6VTjx8zbOc0ZNr8x02drYGPRvy331PIKCJI/s1600/port.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Gi7mlRioMZ8-WWDIsZeboYYnDrqZ2ey7z_1JaNFvIvPVUEpx5uV_R3AFtWtUS3CxhrNxVtI8bVR8g68ixy0Uj2RL9KzbR3hr60OY9x7M6VTjx8zbOc0ZNr8x02drYGPRvy331PIKCJI/s320/port.jpg" width="216" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portuguese Man of War</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Nematocysts</span>- are actually cells which introduce toxin and it is unique to the phylum Cnidaria. It is usually found on outer surface of an organism, which in a jellyfish it is found on their tentacles. These cells are acknowledged as stinging cells which are used to inject toxins.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"> The <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b>High molecular weight toxin</b></span> </span>(P3) from a Physalia physalis (Portuguese Man of war); reversibly blocks the glutamate receptors which are the integral parts of nervous system.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Tetrodotoxin</b></span>-is a toxin commonly produced by blue ringed octopus, poison-dart frogs and pufferfish. The toxin causes paralysis of the respiratory musculature that leads to death.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkzviclzAgxE58-LOd8taYMXltrU4yrEhBEUQRMYtJFRk4kcC1hFju5gcjN7vAcXq6ahAh38llMUms4TOMLvC2K8hUFqx6j0cqqpBeKD5a_cdQGDCqu2MQ4zTAz41nQ62R7Iyg3_IzneE/s1600/Puffer+Fish+close+up.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkzviclzAgxE58-LOd8taYMXltrU4yrEhBEUQRMYtJFRk4kcC1hFju5gcjN7vAcXq6ahAh38llMUms4TOMLvC2K8hUFqx6j0cqqpBeKD5a_cdQGDCqu2MQ4zTAz41nQ62R7Iyg3_IzneE/s200/Puffer+Fish+close+up.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pufferfish</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsazF7Akg4yd-0N68hgrugRBygBuz8h0tyJBUwGxOalV933hRZJWalH_jdDjk6cHnBXup14SIM_Whf9sXCwk54RFhUzGQ-h0dbCjdovUcLP-sy7azm1sQwf3AUcuwpe8zUtcF3__V6ac/s1600/poison-dart-frog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsazF7Akg4yd-0N68hgrugRBygBuz8h0tyJBUwGxOalV933hRZJWalH_jdDjk6cHnBXup14SIM_Whf9sXCwk54RFhUzGQ-h0dbCjdovUcLP-sy7azm1sQwf3AUcuwpe8zUtcF3__V6ac/s200/poison-dart-frog.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yellow Banded Poison Frog</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinz9z8t86XTLC4hV3FHoS86Z23Qgon9dRoTyBhqNwPn7Wevx7ze2eOGZfN9NiuxO-kn2P82XUsFfcFpSRE6iGIvzPFToqMKxfDmGhrranR9SrW32GRhyphenhyphenrMXQ3WcCkI1KSaZ9BnbTR4jII/s1600/blue-ringed-octopus-1-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinz9z8t86XTLC4hV3FHoS86Z23Qgon9dRoTyBhqNwPn7Wevx7ze2eOGZfN9NiuxO-kn2P82XUsFfcFpSRE6iGIvzPFToqMKxfDmGhrranR9SrW32GRhyphenhyphenrMXQ3WcCkI1KSaZ9BnbTR4jII/s200/blue-ringed-octopus-1-1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue Ringed Octopus</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #38761d; color: #f1c232; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Plant toxins</i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx4scUrNlJwkmTkQiJjyqiIYSa_I9YekkHBGBcSJ-BDVu6nMhgzh9LGA-yEUNoZZaZD7fiUiPohCmz0GKMkp-Qmx8ey18AFuv2uRSJOSeEz0mfKK7B4NCXhVREigop1AbB4VJQ9WWHYE/s1600/7-sago-palm_0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx4scUrNlJwkmTkQiJjyqiIYSa_I9YekkHBGBcSJ-BDVu6nMhgzh9LGA-yEUNoZZaZD7fiUiPohCmz0GKMkp-Qmx8ey18AFuv2uRSJOSeEz0mfKK7B4NCXhVREigop1AbB4VJQ9WWHYE/s320/7-sago-palm_0.jpg" width="320" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><b>Methylazoxy Glycoside</b></span>- It is a compound chemical found on cycasin plant that when eaten, metabolized and by P450 enzyme it is converted into an intermediate toxin which is possibly carcinogenic.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7LSeMv9SZf9flPXszxRmPeJq54V3EduIlgbTDIZCNARfy1N0y0JdcDljBG57MepKTnNdHCf6EUG8dMYLUbzwQ3S-Pk0jCVLLYOvGAIHI8gYLpGM8F5OOAwb1VHOAiY3CxMNdlCTRwrpU/s1600/pink-foxglove-collage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7LSeMv9SZf9flPXszxRmPeJq54V3EduIlgbTDIZCNARfy1N0y0JdcDljBG57MepKTnNdHCf6EUG8dMYLUbzwQ3S-Pk0jCVLLYOvGAIHI8gYLpGM8F5OOAwb1VHOAiY3CxMNdlCTRwrpU/s320/pink-foxglove-collage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pink Foxgloves</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><b>Cardiac and steroidal Glycoside</b></span>- Is a toxin found on foxgloves which can cause nausea, vomiting, hallucination, convulsions or death. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><b>Linamarin</b></span> – is a cyanogenic glycoside toxin found on Cassava’s leaves and roots, lima beans and flax.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0rOgGxB84y9P55wtzB4wcBwiokdgG4suQDPthphVLz-MbhYF3SYWsyqvfaeoZfK6Hg19n1sEsaXh0rOGXnjfqMdfjLpS5PLQGFMgB6cCDG0smfUcnrfHCpkE41DDqfe-TvDC-WYSH-BI/s1600/LIma+beans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0rOgGxB84y9P55wtzB4wcBwiokdgG4suQDPthphVLz-MbhYF3SYWsyqvfaeoZfK6Hg19n1sEsaXh0rOGXnjfqMdfjLpS5PLQGFMgB6cCDG0smfUcnrfHCpkE41DDqfe-TvDC-WYSH-BI/s200/LIma+beans.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lima beans</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJmedj-EQCh2m9hRu7Z4kMroS8A25oMzgtk1pzCpVqjURV4YYXpIXXK4Nt3xPmvhzC1qHiMKr29ZyXy0rLxYtwtyFiCKm5WgscFIjk4GzVmJ0bXhqFh8rzgwuCbo4KsiAikFS8S6QPNg/s1600/Flax-Seed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJmedj-EQCh2m9hRu7Z4kMroS8A25oMzgtk1pzCpVqjURV4YYXpIXXK4Nt3xPmvhzC1qHiMKr29ZyXy0rLxYtwtyFiCKm5WgscFIjk4GzVmJ0bXhqFh8rzgwuCbo4KsiAikFS8S6QPNg/s200/Flax-Seed.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flax seeds</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLELPn4kbCiLj-KKKRVFRWd6W2ck2MGYo_YBwlooiNZoE0gS0Ze00wpalaHCcllHqo81CmEgvES_XjSXaHCL1VAxdCb6OX2Jb_dE12yfhFmwLAwJqhuw6NWfXIcfKWvLwIUyxBUod6ffM/s1600/Cassava.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLELPn4kbCiLj-KKKRVFRWd6W2ck2MGYo_YBwlooiNZoE0gS0Ze00wpalaHCcllHqo81CmEgvES_XjSXaHCL1VAxdCb6OX2Jb_dE12yfhFmwLAwJqhuw6NWfXIcfKWvLwIUyxBUod6ffM/s200/Cassava.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cassava </td></tr>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01180325887469064502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-549847638298231444.post-60759012157065864322011-06-14T09:01:00.001-07:002011-06-14T09:01:50.976-07:00Anterior Pituitary<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Ohh my Pituitary you’re so small </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">and yet powerful for I to adore.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">You’re also called “master gland” as I recall.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">A zealot I’m as I explore.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Anterior and posterior are your lobes.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Damn, So many Hormones.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Thankfully anterior pituitary is the focus</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Of this poem and hoping not to be confuse.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Growth hormone promotes our body growth.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Hypersecretion and Hyposecretion must be note.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Over secretion can cause Gigantism.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">And under secretion can cause dwarfism.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Luteinizing hormones and Follicle stimulating hormone are mainly for stimulation</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">to start the sex hormone production.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Testosterone is the sex hormone for males</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">and estrogen and progesterone for females.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone is such a long word </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">But you can use ACTH as a catchword.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">It is for stimulation of adrenal cortex </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">in order to stabilize the body’s normal process.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Thyroid stimulating hormone, what the hell it is?!</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">As I read, I discovered that thyroid is the main accomplice.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Thyroid can be found at the neck.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Prolactin is obviously for women,</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">women who have given birth,</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">for their baby’s health.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">For it simulates production of milk.</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01180325887469064502noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-549847638298231444.post-87914814219872016182011-05-17T06:22:00.000-07:002011-05-17T06:22:17.774-07:00Endocrinology, Toxicology & Drug testing<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;">Clinical Chemistry 3</span></i> as a subject, it's main focus is on <i>Endocrinology, Toxicology & Drug testing</i>.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b>E</b></span>ndocrinology </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">from it's root words "</span><i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">endocrine"</i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> and "</span><i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">logy"</i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">, it means it is a branch of science that deals or studies endocrine glands and their secretions, particularly functions and processes and even disease that are involved.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Endocrine glands are unique from other glands in a way that they lack canals or tubes to introduce their secretions and so they are called "ductless glands"</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">There are about 9 endocrine glands:</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpNJUiWfZe0kGH937yNxYWmQ71QAYocUiVk_e2VjhT___q1Jk5ktALeOtv4kEuFOXeV0KPyXeVv9ZyqkOQ5fJTwjP_jneRYmt8rs3op9j1qy-9r6wiFXpg3ojXAR7sQc8XHfq5bKoQHgY/s1600/endocrine_system.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpNJUiWfZe0kGH937yNxYWmQ71QAYocUiVk_e2VjhT___q1Jk5ktALeOtv4kEuFOXeV0KPyXeVv9ZyqkOQ5fJTwjP_jneRYmt8rs3op9j1qy-9r6wiFXpg3ojXAR7sQc8XHfq5bKoQHgY/s400/endocrine_system.jpg" width="326" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(medlicinenet.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Hypothalamus</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pituitary gland</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pineal gland</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Thyroid gland</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Parathyroid gland</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pancreas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Ovaries</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Testicles</span></li>
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</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">for further reading:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Endocrine/Endocrine_Glands.php">http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Endocrine/Endocrine_Glands.php</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">T</b>oxicology</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> is a branch of science that encompass harmful effects of chemicals on living things and antidotes that can negate harmful effects of toxins. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Therapeutic drugs also have a toxic effect either by accumulation of the drug in the body or by overdose; while abused drugs like Amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, sedatives and etc have an addicting effect and toxic effect. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Toxic agents have different nature from biological(eg. snake venom), chemical(eg. Cyanide) to physical(eg. radiation).</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Terms:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Toxins</span> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">are substances or chemicals that are naturally derived and/or exposed. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Toxicants</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> are man-made substances or chemicals that may be derived from natural resources.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Poisons</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> are</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> substances or chemicals that when introduced or absorbed by a living thing it instantly kills or produce harm even in small quantities.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Antidotes</span> are </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">medicine given to counteract the influence of poison or an attack of disease </span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Toxins, Toxicants, Poisons differentiation according to specific effect:</span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Teratogenic substances can cause deleterious effect and/or child malformation on a developing baby.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Carcinogenic substances can cause </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">abnormal clonal uncontrolled proliferation of genetically altered cells.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Mutagenic substances can induce </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">genetic alteration.</span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">for further reading:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Toxicology">http://www.eoearth.org/article/Toxicology</a></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">D</span></b>rug Testing is an chemical test to identify and quantify legal or illegal drugs taken by a person. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Specimens collected for drug testing can be blood, saliva, fingernail scrapping, hair and commonly on urine.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Drug tests can include all prescription drugs as well as illegal drugs and alcohol. Some of the most commonly tested for chemicals include:</span></div><ul style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Cocaine</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Amphetamines</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Alcohol </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Morphine</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Phencyclidine (PCP) </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Heroin</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Benzodiazepines</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Hydromorphone</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Propoxyphene</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Methadone</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Codeine</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Barbiturates</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Antidepressants</span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;">Now a days drug testing is commonly done before employment and even check up of employees. An issue that is still on debate, that children are required to take up drug tests before </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;">enrollment.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">for further reading:</span></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/main/what-is-drug-testing/menu-id-54/">http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/main/what-is-drug-testing/menu-id-54/</a></span></span></span></div><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Citations:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Clinical Chemistry techniques, principles, correlation 6th edition</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and management by laboratory methods 21th edition</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/main/what-is-drug-testing/menu-id-54/">http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/main/what-is-drug-testing/menu-id-54/</a></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39880">http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39880</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Toxicology">http://www.eoearth.org/article/Toxicology</a><br />
</div>Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01180325887469064502noreply@blogger.com0